Competencias y buenas prácticas recomendadas para la administración de operaciones en pymes
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Este estudio sintetiza la literatura reciente sobre gestión de operaciones en pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYME) y propone un marco integrado compuesto por cuatro ejes: procesos, eficiencia, calidad y continuidad. A partir del análisis de fuentes académicas, normativas y casos empresariales se identifican los factores habilitadores de cada eje y los beneficios asociados a su implementación. El eje de procesos pone énfasis en el mapeo de la cadena de valor, la documentación operativa y la gobernanza, orientados a generar orden interno y reducir la variabilidad. Eficiencia agrupa la eliminación de desperdicios mediante enfoques Lean-Kaizen y la digitalización de bajo costo, con impacto directo en costos y tiempos. Calidad integra el diseño con enfoque al cliente, herramientas de control estadístico y sistemas de gestión para garantizar consistencia y confianza del mercado. Finalmente, continuidad aborda la gestión de riesgos, la planificación flexible y el monitoreo del entorno con el fin de asegurar la resiliencia operativa. La matriz resultante ofrece a las PYME una hoja de referencia práctica para priorizar intervenciones y medir resultados. El marco sirve como base para futuras validaciones empíricas y lineamientos de política de apoyo empresarial.
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